Pesticides May Raise Kids' Risk of ADHD

Relatively low-level exposure to common pesticides -- probably from residues on foods -- doubles kids' risk of ADHD, Harvard researchers find.
The findings come from a nationally representative sample of 1,139 U.S. kids aged 8 to 15 who were tested for ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and had urine samples tested for signs of exposure to various organophosphate pesticides such as malathion.
Kids with higher-than-average levels of pesticide metabolites were about twice as likely to have ADHD as kids with undetectable levels of pesticide metabolites, find Marc C. Weisskopf, PhD, ScD, associate professor of environmental health and epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health, and colleagues.
"This raises concerns that ubiquitous pesticides may be contributing to the national burden of ADHD, which already is quite high," Weisskopf tells WebMD.
It's not just kids who live on farms or otherwise get extremely frequent or high-dose exposure to pesticides. The metabolites detected in the Weisskopf study indicate that these kids have ongoing, low-level exposure to pesticides at levels that may affect their development.
"What I think is so important is this is not a select group of people with unusually high pesticide exposure," Weisskopf says. "This is a general population sample. If this link with ADHD is proved true, there is a big chunk of people this is going to be relevant for."
Weisskopf notes that his study is designed to detect a possible risk but is not able to prove that one thing caused another. For example, the data could be taken to mean that kids with ADHD somehow behave in ways that increases their exposure to pesticides. While that appears counterintuitive, further studies are needed to test whether pesticides truly contribute to ADHD.
Organic Foods: To Buy or Not to BuyPesticide Exposure From Common Foods
Alarmingly, the Weisskopf study complements an earlier study by Virginia A. Rauh, ScD, MSW, professor of family health at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and co-deputy director of the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health.
In their 2006 study, Rauh and colleagues found that kids with the most exposure to a household organophosphate pesticide had significantly delayed mental and motor development. These effects increased over time. And kids who were exposed while still in their mothers' wombs were more likely than other kids to have ADHD.
"We were quite sure the exposure came from residential pesticide use and from food," Rauh tells WebMD. "What happens is a whole variety of commonly used foods are sprayed routinely with organophosphates to eliminate pests. That is where the food residue comes from."
Unlike cigarette smoke, a health-harming pollutant that one can do much to avoid, pesticides are hard to avoid. They're everywhere -- even in foods we generally consider healthy.
"Here is a situation where the average consumer isn't buying the wrong kind of food or breathing the wrong kind of air. There is not a whole lot the average person can do," Rauh says. "And that is where we need the EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] to take a good look at all these studies and see if the risk warrants dropping the safety limit for these chemicals and tightening their regulation."in the sky
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Man attacks girls with cleaver in China

A man attacked six young women with a meat cleaver at a busy Chinese market before committing suicide by jumping out of a building, according to state-run media.
Two of the six were seriously injured, according to the state-run Guangzhou Daily. All of the victims were hospitalzed.
The attack occurred about 7 p.m. Sunday (7 a.m. ET) in the market in Foshan, Guangzhou province, according to the report. The man, thought to be about 20 years old, jumped from a three-story building and died, according to Guangzhou Daily.
A witness said the man held a cleaver in his right hand and first rushed into a restaurant, striking a waitress on her shoulder, then left the restaurant, attacking another woman not far from the business, also on the left shoulder, Guangzhou Daily said.
The witness said the man targeted every woman he encountered, especially young women.
The victims included an 18-year-old woman who owned a take-out food shop, according to the Guangzhou Daily. The husband of a second victim told the newspaper his wife was shopping for groceries with him when she was attacked, sustaning an injury to her right shoulder.
Last week, a man was sentenced to death for attacking 29 kindergarten students and three teachers with a knife April 29, according to state media. The Taixing Intermediate People's Court found Xu Yuyuan, 47, guilty of intentional homicide after a half-day trial.
Also last week, a man with a kitchen cleaver hacked seven kindergarten students and a teacher to death at a school in northwest China before returning home and committing suicide, state media reported.
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